To End All Segregation

Book excerpt: This book traces the early history of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, showing how brutal police treatment of civil rights demonstrators in Birmingham, Alabama, forced President Kennedy to send a strong civil rights bill to Congress in June of 1963. The various legislative strategies used to get the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Congress are detailed. The study relies on original sources (letters, memoranda, oral histories, daily notes and diaries) in presidential and congressional libraries. These materials are supported by an extensive series of personal interviews by the author. Contents: The Civil Rights Act of 1964; John F. Kennedy, "The Fires of Discord"; Writing the Administration Bill; Subcommittee No. 5 "Out of Control" for Civil Rights; Lyndon B. Johnson, "To Write It in The Books of Law"; "Vultures" in the Galleries/"Miracles" On the Floor; Mike Mansfield and Hubert Humphrey, "Conditioning for the Long Ordeal"; Richard Russel, The Defending Champion; Filibuster #1óThe Motion to Consider; Filibuster #2óThe Bill Itself; Everett M. Dirksen, The Great Amender; The Drive for Cloture, "An Idea Whose Time Has Come"; "To Die On The Barricades"/To Earn "A Place of Honor".