The Reverse Classics；Fan Jing 反经

Book excerpt: A Reference Strategy Book for Emperors and Politicians in Ancient China The book of Reverse Classics（Fan Jing 反经) is a practical book on strategies written by Zhao Rui in Tang Dynasty. The Reverse Classics consists of 9 volumes and 64 chapters. It takes the history of pre-Tang Dynasty as the argumentation material, integrates all schools of thought, including Confucianism, Taoism, military, law, Yin-Yang, agriculture and other schools of thought. It talks about various fields such as politics, diplomacy, military affairs and so on. It also forms a strategy book with strict logic system and covering civil and military strategy. Almost all the emperors who have achieved political achievements in their dynasties know the book well and the book is respected as a treasure of rich and profound traditional culture. Its original name of the Long and Short Classic means right and wrong, gain and loss, merits and demerits.