The Origin Nature and Evolution of Protoplasmic Individuals and Their Associations

Book excerpt: The Origin, Nature and Evolution of Protoplasmic Individuals and their Associations explores living beings of all levels of complexity in relation to each other and to the various ambient sources that they use to survive: protoplasmic individuals and their associations, cells and their associations, animals, and man. The book considers the concepts of evolution and of living beings; the main stages in biological evolution; the organisms' individuality, nature, way of formation, phylogenetic, and ontogenetic origin; essential property of the organisms of living beings; and creature modeling. The text also discusses the phylogenesis, ontogenesis, and the nature of the soma; the spatial and temporal environment connecting biological and geological evolution; and concepts of feeding and nutrition. Three separate sections describe phylogenetic origin of the first protoplasmic individuals; the protoplasmic individual as defined by its action and experience; and evolution in protoplasmic level.