This paper examines the drivers, and reestimates the size of shadow economies in Europe, with a focus on the emerging economies, and recommends policies to incr

This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.

During much of the twentieth century, informal employment and entrepreneurship was commonly depicted as a residue from a previous era. Its continuing presence w

This book is about people in Europe who earn a living working in untaxed markets for goods, services, and labor. As governments face a rapid population ageing,