Examines the region from its pre-Islamic period to the present day, its regional conflicts, and technology.

Encompasses the interaction of political, historical, social, economic, and cultural movements as well as relevant persons (living and dead), places, and events

This major reference provides comprehensive coverage of the political parties and movements in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Frank Tachau a

A 2000-year history of a region stretching from Libya to Central Asia ; concludes with the effects of the Gulf War.