Introduction to Christmas Island

Book excerpt: Christmas Island is an Australian external territory located in the Indian Ocean, approximately 360 kilometers south of Java and 2,600 kilometers northwest of Perth. It is only 135 square kilometers in size, making it one of the smallest territories in Australia. The island is famous worldwide for its spectacular annual red crab migration where millions of red crabs march from the forest to the sea to spawn. The island was discovered by the British in 1643 and named after the day of its discovery, which was Christmas Day. In 1958, the island was transferred to Australia, and today it is an Australian territory with a mixed population of mainly Chinese, Australian, and Malay. The island is known for its rich natural diversity and cultural heritage. It is home to an incredible array of flora and fauna, including over a hundred bird species, several endangered species such as the Golden Bosun (an endemic bird), and several types of crabs unique to the island. The island's distinct culture is a blend of Asian and Australian influences, with its primary language being English, but dialects such as Chinese Malay and Indian dialects are also spoken. Visitors to Christmas Island have the opportunity to experience its unique culture and outstanding natural beauty, making it an increasingly popular tourist destination.