2018 Sally and Ken Owens Award from the Western History Association Twelve companies of American missionaries were sent to the Hawaiian Islands between 1819 and

Occasional Papers Of Bernice P. Bishop, Museum Of Polynesian Ethnology And Natural History, V16, No. 17, March 20, 1942.

In the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) of 1921, the U.S. Congress defined “native Hawaiians” as those people “with at least one-half blood quantum of