Elucidates the concept of causation in competition law damages and outlines its practical implications through relevant case law.

In this revised and much expanded second edition David Ashton provides a comprehensive review of the EU damages directive (Directive 2014/104/EU) and its implem

This book takes an original and comparative approach to issues of causation in tort law across many European legal systems.

Competition Damages Actions in the EU and the UK is the clearest and most coherent reference point on damages actions for breach of EU competition law.

‘Passing-on’ occurs when harm or loss incurred by a business is passed on to burden that business’s customers or the next level of the supply chain. In th