The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors

Book excerpt: The metrology guide provides the basis for critical comparisons among seven measurement techniques for average noise factor and effective input noise temperature. The techniques that are described, discussed, and analyzed include the (1) Y-Factor, (2) 3-dB, (3) Automatic, (4) Gain Control, (5) CW, (6) Tangential, and (7) Cmparison Techniques. The analyses yield working equations and error equations by which accuracy capabilities are compared. Each technique is also analyzed for (a) frequency range for best measurement results, (b) special instrumentation requirements, (c) speed and convenience, (d) operator skill required, and (e) special measurement problems. General instrumentation requirements and practical measurement problems are discussed for the benefit of the non-expert metrologist. (Modified author abstract).