This book offers a comprehensive exposition of the mathematical methods that can be used to model landscape dynamics. It is systematically shown how mathematica

The book presents the processes governing the dynamics of landscapes, soils and sediments, water and energy under different climatic regions using studies condu

Modelling environmental dynamics is critical to understanding and predicting the evolution of the environment in response to the large number of influences incl

As scientific understanding about ecological processes has grown, the idea that ecosystem dynamics are complex, nonlinear, and often unpredictable has gained pr

Model development is of vital importance for understanding and management of ecological processes. Identifying the complex relationships between ecological patt