Imperial Japan's World War Two

Book excerpt: The full extent and brutality of imperial Japans actions before and during the Second World War has not had the same cultural and political resonances as those of Nazi Germany, nor are they as well remembered. Werner Gruhls objective is to present a fresh overview of the Asian-Pacific War and its victims, drawing particular attention to the neglected history of Japans invasion of China and Southeast Asia. Gruhl seeks to show that the war in Asia and the Pacific is as much about Shanghai, Nanking, and Manila as about Pearl Harbor, Midway, and Hiroshima. Gruhls narrative makes clear why Japans World War II aggression still touches deep emotions with East Asians and Western ex-prisoners of war, and why there is justifiable sensitivity to the way modern Japan has dealt with this legacy. Knowledge of the enormity of Japans total war is also necessary to assess the United States and her allies policies toward Japan, and their reactions to its actions, extending from Manchuria in 1931 to Hiroshima in 1945. Gruhl takes the view that World War II started in 1931 when Japan, crowded and poor in raw materials but with a sense of military invincibility, saw empire as her salvation and invaded China. Japans imperial regime had volatile ambitions but limited resources, thus encouraging them to unleash a particularly brutal offensive against the peoples of Asia and surrounding ocean islands. Their 1931 to 1945 invasions and policies further added to Asias pre-war woes, particularly in China, by badly disrupting marginal economies, leading to famines and epidemics.Altogether, the victims of Japans World War Two aggression took many forms and were massive in number. Gruhl offers a survey and synthesisof the historical literature and documentation, statistical data, as well as personal interviews and first-hand accounts to provide a comprehensive overview analysis. The sequence of diplomatic and military events leading to Pearl Harbor, as well as those leading to the U.S. decision to drop the atom bomb, are explored here as well as Japans war crimes and postwar revisionist/apologist views regarding them. This book will be of intense interest to Asian specialists, and those concerned with human rights issues in a historical context.