Empires of the Plain

Book excerpt: At Behistun, in the Zagros mountains of what is now western Iran, rises a vertical cliff face covered with a huge cuneiform inscription set up in 520 BC to record the exploits of the Persian king Darius the Great. In 1835, Henry Creswicke Rawlinson began the perilous task of recording this inscription, sometimes from a ladder propped up on a narrow ledge, sometimes lowered down the cliff on a rope, but mainly clinging precariously to the rock face itself. Every minute he was in danger of a fatal fall - the work took 12 years to complete. The decipherment of cuneiform was one of the last great linguistic challenges, though only one pinnacle in the life of a remarkable man, a soldier, adventurer and scholar who was onetime political agent at Kandahar in Afghanistan where he had been beseiged for two years by local tribesman, and who went on to become consul-general and later a director of the East India Company.