About 40 % of current atomic force microscopy (AFM) research is performed in liquids, making liquid-based AFM a rapidly growing and important tool for the study

Filling a gap in the literature, this book features in-depth discussions on amplitude modulation AFM, providing an overview of the theory, instrumental consider

Since the original publication of Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy in 2002, the noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) has achieved remarkable progress.

Atomic force microscopes are very important tools for the advancement of science and technology. This book provides an introduction to the microscopes so that s

This book enlightens readers on the basic surface properties and distance-dependent intersurface forces one must understand to obtain even simple data from an a