In this book, we try to provide a practical, down-to-earth guide for those who are involved in language learning and teaching. We hope that this book will be a

Uses practical and research-based approaches to improve students' higher-order thinking skills and includes strategies for differentiating higher-order thinking

Covers how to develop and use test questions and other assessments that reveal how well students can analyze, reason, solve problems, and think creatively.

This volume examines the assessment of higher order thinking skills from the perspectives of applied cognitive psychology and measurement theory. The volume con

Too many teaching and learning activities require students to use only lower-order thinking (LOT), and many of the attempts educators make to promote higher-ord